bbc bitesize elizabethan poverty
Only when the patience of her ministers was running short would she be forced to make up her mind. HistoryLearningSite. Explorers became famous and their work has had a lasting legacy. In February 1587 the warrant was finally signed and the execution took place before the Queen could change her mind. bbc bitesize elizabethan povertysurf golf and beach club membership fees. Adventurers responded differently; they went a-voyaging. From a kingdom that had once been known for its sluggish security, Englishmen suddenly turned to the sea and the world that was opening up around them. The new Poor Law was meant to reduce the cost of looking after the poor and impose a system which would be the same all over the country. The outpouring was inspired not only by the urge for riches but also by religionthe desire to labour in the Lords vineyard and to found in the wilderness a new and better nation. Elizabeth chose these men from nobles, gentry, and members of the church. Elizabeth and the religious settlement height: auto !important; vizsla breeder northwest; Tags . At this time, people ate a lot of different food. Children could also find themselves hired out to work in factories or mines. Marys execution would be one of the factors contributing to the Spanish Armada the following year. font-size: 14px; Met criticised over Sarah Everard vigil policing1, How a woman's death sparked UK soul-searching2, Ousted Myanmar civilian leader urges 'revolution'3, Racist slur overheard as basketball players kneel5, The art dealer, the 10m bronze and the Holocaust6, Minibus carrying Argentina's president is attacked8, Actress stages naked protest at 'French Oscars'9, Former F1 commentator Walker dies at 9710. In fact everything you need to know to get top marks on your #homework!This covers the #Edexcel #GCSE #History syllabus for paper 2. A Lord of Misrule was chosen. $(function() { As AQA History Revision Notes. The first hesitant steps had been taken under Henry VII when John Cabot in 1497 sailed in search of a northwest route to China and as a consequence discovered Cape Breton Island. Poverty was mostly considered to be your own fault in Elizabethan times, but attitudes started to change towards the end of Elizabeths reign and the government decided to take action. Her aquiline nose and reddish-gold hair reminded everyone of her father, It will be useful no matter which exam board you are studying though.If you like my content and would like to support me in getting better equipment and software and in having more time to create these videos please consider buying me a latte (3 sugars please!) A bit later, James Curres, "a moore Christian", married Margaret Person, a maid. He also sailed around the world. View a sample of our GCSE content below. The poor did not share the wealth and luxurious lifestyle associated with famous Tudors such as Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and non-monarchs such as Sir Francis Drake. Whilst enclosure has its own study note, the other three are detailed here. The people had enjoyed stable government, and Poor Laws had created a new framework of support for the needy. But problems remained. The issue was the cause of her first major confrontation with the House of Commons, which was informed that royal matrimony was not a subject for commoners to discuss. Some people might find it shocking, but Queen Elizabeth did this in 1559. content: "President & CEO"; Hundreds of bills were initiated concerning industries such as the manufacture and trade of cloth, leather, and iron; poverty, unemployment and vagrancy . Car Next Door Cancellation Policy, The poor and causes of poverty The poor Away from the luxury of the monarchy in the Elizabethan era, life for ordinary people was often hard and the number of poor people increased during. } window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/11\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/11\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.brandkarma.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.9.16"}}; Enjoy. Elizabeth Tudors virginity was the cause of great international discussion, for every bachelor prince of Europe hoped to win a throne through marriage with Gloriana (the queen of the fairies, as she was sometimes portrayed), and was the source of even greater domestic concern, for everyone except the queen herself was convinced that Elizabeth should marry and produce heirs. There were many bows and arrows. Henry, beside himself with disappointment, did not attend the christening.. His plan was for Virginia, which includes North Carolina and Virginia. In June, he told the BBC that about 20m had been raised to supply three million meals. Queen Elizabeth was at the top of the social pyramid. 0. In return for this care, all workhouse paupers would have to work for several hours each day. The lesson can also be used as a starting point for investigating the new Poor Law in more depth and discussing attitudes to the poor in 19th century Britain. Poor Law, in British history, body of laws undertaking to provide relief for the poor, developed in 16th-century England and maintained, with various changes, until after World War II.The Elizabethan Poor Laws, as codified in 159798, were administered through parish overseers, who provided relief for the aged, sick, and infant poor, as well as work for the able-bodied in workhouses. Our resources support your delivery of the GCSE history curriculum, helping students to understand what life was like during the rule of Elizabeth I, from the rising threat of the Catholic Church to the impact of the Spanish Armada. 1571-86: Further plots ( Ridolfi 1571, Throckmorton Plot 1583, Babbington Plot 1586) 1587: Execution of Mary Queen of Scots. This cost was paid for by the middle and upper classes in each town through their local taxes. Everyday life in Tudor England - food, occupations, games, pastimes, religion . Today we are looking at the causes of #poverty, why it was a problem and what Elizabeth did to help those in need. transform: translateX(-50%); height: 1em !important; Houses For Sale In Albemarle, Germiston, Elizabeth I succeeded in finding a balance between Catholics and Protestants. The first decade of Elizabeths reign was relatively quiet, but after 1568 three interrelated matters set the stage for the crisis of the century: the queens refusal to marry, the various plots to replace her with Mary of Scotland, and the religious and economic clash with Spain. padding: 0 !important; The Globe Theatre in London is a copy of the theatre where his plays were first performed. Mary I had died unpopular with her people and tormented by her own inability to produce an heir. max-height: 597px; In response to these scandals the government introduced stricter rules for those who ran the workhouses and they also set up a system of regular inspections. } The first was the people that were those deserving of the help and support and then the other category were those that were undeserving of it. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/about/copyright.shtml There are four main reasons for the increase in poverty during the Elizabethan era. Historically the poor were dealt with at a local level, however, as time went on the Elizabethan government stepped in to help tackle the problem of the poor. 2022-06-30 / Posted By : / george graham daughter / Under : . Mary had been an unwanted visitor-prisoner in England ever since 1568, after she had been forced to abdicate her Scottish throne in favour of her 13-month-old son, James VI (later James I). Together, communities planned parties and managed merrymaking. It is bad luck if you do not give them something. During this period the number of unemployed people grew considerably for a range of reasons. }); Pearl Mimic Pro Nz, But Walsingham had reckoned without the Queens reluctance to sign the execution warrant. He wrote many poems and plays. Christopher Cappervert [ie from Cape Verde] - "a blacke moore", Domingo - "a black neigro servaunt unto Sir William Winter", Suzanna Peavis - "a blackamore servant to John Deppinois", Symon Valencia - "a black moore servaunt to Stephen Drifyeld a nedellmaker", Cassango - "a blackmoore servaunt to Mr Thomas Barber a marchaunt", Isabell Peeters - "a Black-more lodgeing in Blew Anchor Alley", "A negar whose name was suposed to be Frauncis. England's population grew from 3 million in 1551 to 4.2 million in 1601, which increased demands for food and therefore drove up prices. But all males had to be able to shoot arrows, even if they did not want to use them in battle anymore. //www.bbc.co . She demanded no windows into mens souls, and she charmed both great and small with her artistry and tact. Did it solve the problems of children in factories? The English explorers tried to find new trade routes and expand their trade in the Spanish colonies in the Americas. *fixed the duplicated question*. Pearl Mimic Pro Nz, Elizabeth was brought up in the care of governesses and tutors at Hatfield House and spent her days studying Greek and Latin with the Cambridge scholar, Roger Ascham. This returned England to the Protestant faith stating that public worship, religious books such as the Bible and prayers were to be conducted in English rather than Latin. The reign of Elizabeth I saw the beginning of Britain's first black community. Are you sure? How desperate are the people trying to get into the workhouse? The greenery, such as holly and ivy, was used. There was very little church building in the century after the Reformation, but there was an unprecedented growth of school building, with grammar schools springing up in most boroughs and in many market towns. This law was the division of those living in poverty into two categories. A new era was dawning, the age of Elizabeth I. England had a big fight with Spain. Why do you think that the government was keen to make sure that people in workhouses worked? November 20, 2021 . For women, the farthingale is notable. vertical-align: -0.1em !important; BBC BItesize: Elizabeth I revision . It was a special show for the French ambassador. background: url(/wp-content/themes/custom/images/arrows.png); height: auto !important; Elizabeth was rewarded with loyalty and, enhanced by the glow of nostalgia, her own unique place in history. Francis II reigned for only a few months with Mary as his Queen and, when he died in 1560, Mary was left without a role. left: auto; This occurred whilst simultaneously driving down wages because of the increased competition for jobs. Elizabeth was clever to encourage this degree of devotion. Elizabeth had an erect posture and very pale skin, which people said practically glowed. Enclosure (Elizabethan England) Enclosure is the practice of dividing up land which was once owned by the people, that was typically large open fields into smaller 'enclosed' pieces of land that instead belonged to one person only. BBC Bitesize Part 1. The paupers believe they are treated much worse than slaves in the West Indies. box-shadow: none !important; At the heart of the problems confronting Elizabethan England was the challenge of feeding its soaring population. How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments? (LogOut/ The reign of Elizabeth saw the population of England grow by around 35%. })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); Study Notes. On New Year, instead of Christmas Day, people give gifts. radio By the end of Elizabeth's reign. They had things like oatmeal that was cooked with beans or peas. Elizabeth had all the power in the land, and she could give out important jobs to anyone. How scientists got a very rare toad to breed. } The 1559 Act of Uniformity laws were passed in which attendance at church became compulsory and non-attendance was punishable by fine or imprisonment. The people who helped Elizabeth rule came together at the Privy Council. (HO 44/27 pt 2) Name. #fancybox-title { An increasing population and. imagine kit homes reviews nz; 1997 mlb draft signing bonuses; city of fort worth sidewalk details; shamrock marathon 2022; Found guilty of treason, Mary was sentenced to death. margin-bottom: 0; Elizabeth, meanwhile, was paralysed by indecision. The Elizabethan era in the 16th century was one of adventure, intrigue, personalities, plots and power struggles. * Poverty in Elizabethan England http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/poverty_01.shtml * Elizabeth I http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/elizabeth_i_queen.shtml, * British Timeline http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml, * BBC Radio 4: Womans Hour Elizabeth I http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/30_12_02/friday/info2.shtml, * Tudor History http://www.tudorhistory.org/ But neither proposal led to marriage. Download our worksheets, activities, games and timelines to enhance your KS4 history lessons. In the latter part of Elizabeths reign, people tried to set up colonies in North America. } He then wrote an open letter to MPs, urging the government to reverse a decision not to provide free school. They did this many times, which hurt the English. #fancybox-left-ico { UK. Assurity Disability Insurance, The first 30 years of Elizabeth's reign saw stability and prosperity, but a rising population led to growing poverty and problems, especially in towns. Everyone, from court astrologers to Henry himself, was convinced Anne would give birth to a boy. He wanted to impress the Queen'. Except in special circumstances, poor people could now only get help if they were prepared to leave their homes and go into a workhouse. Pearl Mimic Pro Nz, Unlike today, there was no Welfare State to help out those who had fallen on hard times. This happened because people disagreed with how she and the next two kings ruled. She was the Queen of England. They would not be able to do more colonization and trade until they signed a treaty in 1604. * Kings and Queens Through Time http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_kings_queens.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/. The biggest and perhaps most loved festival of all was 12 days long. Use this lesson to find out how some people felt about the new Poor Law of 1834. Local government was inefficient. The Pope was not allowed to have power. Light Up Lyrics Leona Lewis, This was clever talk from the Queen. But the ability to address a large number of people, from ministers in Parliament to troops on the battlefield, stood Elizabeth in good stead for the future. Problem solved. She did not wish to meet the woman she considered her rival, but knew that if she released Mary her own life would be in danger. Bamboo Door Privacy Film, 11 Mar 2021. 2021 Brandkarma, LLC. Here the famous Lucy Negro, a former dancer in the Queen's service, ran an establishment patronised by noblemen and lawyers. Categories . She rode on horseback, or on a litter, carried above the eye-level of the crowd. }); There could be no mistaking who she was. Children who entered the workhouse would receive some schooling. One way of encouraging pupils to analyse this rich source is by helping them to see that the poster is really made up of smaller pictures. Poverty in Elizabethan times was mainly thought to be the fault of the person living in poverty. Social reality, at least for the poor and powerless, was probably a far cry from the ideal, but for a few years Elizabethan England seemed to possess an extraordinary internal balance and external dynamism. They might have been more successful if they had tried to establish trading links with India. 9 Apr 2021. RM Unify is your Launch Pad to the Cloud - a single sign-on system, application library and management console designed specifically for education. He had a problem on Roanoke Island, but it paved the way for other colonies. If I followed the inclination of my nature, it is this, she said, beggar woman and single, far rather than queen and married.. It seemed to punish people who were poor through no fault of their own. The Elizabethans believed that there was a system of order for everything. In response, the Muscovy Company was established to trade with Russia; by 1588, 100 vessels a year were visiting the Baltic. max-width: 750px; But it cannot be, as is sometimes claimed today, that this edict applied to the many black people who, like Mary Fillis, were living as citizens in London, as they were in Bristol. He was an influential writer who wrote about ordinary English people. For more info please call 0191 338 7830 or click below. At a local level, poor relief was collected from all people and distributed to those in need. Make every minute count with times and trackable activities. Ubs Emerging Talent Program, As the religious hysteria mounted, there was steady pressure put on Elizabeth to rid England of this dangerous threat, but the queen delayed a final decision for almost 19 years. The poster in this lesson is an excellent piece of evidence showing opposition to the new Poor Law and public conceptions of life inside the workhouses. The Spanish Armada defeated him. Walsingham was the head of the Secret Service and put agents in France, Spain, and Italy. In the year of Elizabeths accession (1558), it was 77; in the year of her death (1603), it was 328. By 1600 schools were provided for more than 10 percent of the adolescent population, who were taught Latin and given an introduction to Classical civilization and the foundations of biblical faith. jQuery(function($){ Study Notes. #fancybox-title h3 { #fancybox-right-ico { Kho St Cng Trnh Ngm kent, wa police news today. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. Blue Ocean Strategy Examples Pdf, /* #fancybox-wrap, #fancybox-content { Sir Walter Raleigh made an idea to explore and colonize the New World. It is different from now because she had more power than any other leader in todays government. Regular Nothing New Quizzes will be used throughout the Scheme . background-position: 0 -120px; #fancybox-content { Don't forget your teachers too, either in lessons, revision sessions or online through stchistory.com, facebook and twitter! It had all happened too quickly. Eventually, sent to stay in the unwelcoming Tutbury Castle, the truth dawned on her. The poor became poorer, and the sight of vagabonds and beggars was becoming alarming. punishment, poverty, notorious, Whitechapel, Jack the Ripper . Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The crown passed to the Protestant King James VI of Scotland who became King James I of England. He is considered to be one of the fathers of modern intelligence. What caused a growth in poverty during Elizabethan England? * Elizabethan Room Panorama http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/launch_vt_elizabethan_room.shtml, * Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/stuart_mary.shtml Citation: C N Trueman "The Poor in Elizabethan England" historylearningsite.co.uk. And was her success down to her own skill and judgement or an intuitive grasp of public relations? Mary Stuart was the queen in Scotland. Yet another, the Babington plot of 1586, led by Anthony Babington, allowed the queens ministers to pressure her into agreeing to the trial and execution of Mary for high treason. She used a system called patronage to keep her people happy and loyal to her. Now pregnant with Darnleys child she turned for support to her secretary, David Riccio. Without literacy, the spiritual impact of the Puritans or, later, the formation of parties based on ideologies that engulfed the kingdom in civil war would have been impossible. elizabeth religious settlement bbc bitesize elizabeth religious settlement bbc bitesize. He also studied how to govern people. AQA GCSE History Revision Day 2018 Elizabethan England. A revolution in reading (and to a lesser extent writing) was taking place. BBC Bitesize (Archive) HistoryLearningSite. Some people welcomed it because they believed it would: The new Poor Law ensured that the poor were housed in workhouses, clothed and fed. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. #fancybox-outer { By the end of Elizabeth's reign. How: At the beginning stages of the reign, Elizabethan government attempted to gain France as a possible ally against the Spanish by trying to arrange a marriage between Elizabeth and the Duke of Anjou in late 1560s and early 1570s. left: 50% !important; By 1640 a majority of men, and just possibly a majority of men and women, could read, and there . This was a big mistake. According to the poster how long were inmates expected to work each day? width: 1em !important; In the political arena she encouraged the attentions of Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later his brother Francis, Duke of Alenon, which could form a useful alliance with France against Spain. Poverty in Elizabethan times was mainly thought to be the fault of the person living in poverty. Life for the poor in Elizabethan England was very harsh. Heaven Bound Gospel Song Lyrics, Carolers might ask for money or food. $(function(){ His plays and poems are still performed today, even though he died long ago. View in image library, Suitable for: Key stage 1, Key stage 2, Key stage 3, Time period: Empire and Industry 1750-1850. All of our curriculum content is created in-house. bbc bitesize elizabethan poverty He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Sir Walter Raleigh was famous as a writer and poet. #fancybox-wrap { Read about our approach to external linking. Ideas, political power, industry and empire: Britain, 1745-1901: party politics, extension of the franchise and social reform. #fancybox-left-ico, #fancybox-right-ico { } Elizabeth increasingly transformed herself into a national symbol. By pursuing a policy of moderation she was attempting to maintain the status quo and, although Puritans were particularly upset by the continuance of some Catholic traditions, an uneasy compromise was reached and maintained throughout her reign. } Articles A shortage of food resulted in higher prices. What punishments can you see in the poster. !function(a,b,c){function d(a,b){var c=String.fromCharCode;l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,a),0,0);var d=k.toDataURL();l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,b),0,0);var e=k.toDataURL();return d===e}function e(a){var b;if(!l||!l.fillText)return!1;switch(l.textBaseline="top",l.font="600 32px Arial",a){case"flag":return! Her presence in England could spark a Catholic uprising. It's a fascinating story for modern Britons, writes historian Michael Wood. 8 Sep 2022. His most famous play is A Midsummers Night Dream, one of his earliest works. He fought in wars and wrote poems. max-width: 800px; } */ } bbc bitesize elizabethan poverty. This post is the first in a series on how the poor lived in Victorian England. This I account the glory of my crown, that I have reigned with your loves, she said in her Golden Speech of 1601. @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1366px) { They came in different sizes. }); The first 30 years of Elizabeth's reign saw stability and prosperity but a rising population led to an increase in poverty and growing social problems, especially in towns. When she chose to show herself to her subjects she glittered with jewels and gold like an icon. King Henry VIII, King Edward VI and Queen Elizabeth I promulgated various laws to alleviate poverty and to finalize begging across the country. England was a male-run society even though it had a queen. Sadly, their own story, in their own words, is lacking, but by the time we reach the 18th Century, we have the remarkable works of prose, poetry and music written by black Britons, among whom the likes of Olaudah Equiano, Ottobah Cugoano and Ignatius Sancho deserve their place in any list of Great Britons. Life for the poor in Elizabethan England was very harsh. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. top 100 high school softball players 2021; how to memorize the true gentleman. He altered the layout of his castle, building luxurious new apartments for the Queen and her huge entourage. All Rights Reserved. There was also a great expansion of university education; the number of colleges in Oxford and Cambridge doubled in the 16th century, and the number of students went up fourfold to 1,200 by 1640 (see University of Oxford; University of Cambridge). jQuery(function($){ Walk out of Aldgate Tube and stroll around Whitechapel Road in east London today, and you'll experience the heady sights, smells and sounds of the temples, mosques and curry houses of Brick Lane - so typical of modern multicultural Britain. 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor was the final. Their numbers recently increased by many slaves freed from captured Spanish ships, the presence of black people suddenly came to be seen as a nuisance. Their anxiety amused Elizabeth, and this gave her an excuse to exert her independence every now and then. Historians have looked at old pictures of family life and say that women had some freedoms too. In part the queen herself was responsible. Keep reading to learn more about the Elizabethan Era facts. Explore the great men from Elizabeth I's reign such as Francis Bacon, Walter Raleigh, and William Shakespeare, The supremacy of Northumbria and the rise of Mercia, The church and scholarship in Offas time, The decline of Mercia and the rise of Wessex, Alfreds government and his revival of learning, The Danish conquest and the reigns of the Danish kings, The reign of Edward the Confessor and the Norman Conquest, Rebellion of Henrys sons and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Political struggles and Richards deposition, Domestic rivalries and the loss of France, The exclusion crisis and the Tory reaction, William III (16891702) and Mary II (168994), Domestic responses to the American Revolution, Ireland and the return of the Conservatives, The return of the Conservatives (197074), The Margaret Thatcher government (197990), The Falkland Islands War, the 1983 election, and privatization, Racial discrimination and the 1981 England riots, Black Wednesday, epidemic scandals, and Majors Citizens Charter, New Labour, the repeal of Clause IV, and the third way, Navigating the European monetary system and the EU Social Chapter, Londons local government, House of Lords reform, and devolution for Scotland and Wales, The royal familys annus horribilis, the death of Princess Diana, and the Millennium Dome, The battle for the soul of the Conservative Party, Weapons of mass destruction and the Iraq War, Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition rule (201015), The 2011 riots, the European sovereign debt crisis, and Camerons veto of changes to the Lisbon Treaty, The 2012 London Olympics, Julian Assanges embassy refuge, and the emergence of UKIP, The birth of George, rejection of intervention in Syria, and regulation of GCHQ, The resignation of Cameron, the rise of May, and a challenge to Corbyns leadership of Labour, The Manchester arena bombing and London bridge attacks, The Grenfell Tower fire, a novichok attack in Salisbury, and air strikes on Syria, The wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, the Chequers plan, and Boris Johnsons resignation, EU agreement and Parliamentary opposition to Mays Brexit plan, Objections to the Irish backstop and a challenge to Mays leadership, Parliamentary rejection of Mays plan, Mays survival of a confidence vote, and the Independent Group of breakaway MPs, Indicative votes, Mays pledge to resign, a third defeat for her plan, and a new deadline, Boris Johnsons ascent, the December 2019 snap election, and Brexit, Further scandal and Johnsons resignation, Prime ministers of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland summary. It is intended for the Edexcel GCSE. He also explored, fought, worked at the court, wrote books, and didnt believe in religion. label: '', 1:26. The poor were made to wear a uniform and the diet was monotonous. People also ate meat from all types of animals and lots of fruit and vegetables. Nazi and Weimar Germany dates (OCR History GCSE) 190 terms. Sometimes monkeys rode on the dogs and bit them. bbc bitesize elizabethan povertytypes of family health services. Poverty rates range from 11% to 14% across large regions of the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, and West Many counties - mainly in the Southeast and Southwest - have poverty rates of more than. Elizabethan England. Women had few rights and were expected to obey men. background: #eee; The queen was at the top, and she controlled how much money you had and what your life would be like. #fancybox-title h4, Ubs Emerging Talent Program, She wept for days. The sixteenth century was also a time when the poor became poorer, books and opinions were censored, and plots to overthrow the Queen were rife. } Shortly after the new Poor Law was introduced, a number of scandals hit the headlines. 1:22. P.S. What happens to your body in extreme heat? }); The Queen asserted her virginity throughout her life, but was also an attractive woman who thrived on male attention. On 17 November 1558 it is said that Princess Elizabeth was sitting under an oak tree at Hatfield House when a horseman appeared with the news that would change her life forever. In July 1602, Cecil was putting pressure on the merchants, one of whom wrote: "I have persuaded the merchants trading to Barbary, not without some difficulty, to yield to [ie pay for] the charges of the Moors lately redeemed out of servitude by her Majesty's ships, so far as it may concern their lodging and victuals, till some shipping may be ready to carry them into Barbary".