whadjuk noongar welcome to country

Noongar people may refer to Kings Park as Karra katta or the hill of the spiders or Geenunginy Bo, the place for looking a long way. ), Hesperian Press, Carlisle, 1992, cited in Vinnicombe, Patricia. She didnt have to tell me twice to get out. A Nyoongar Wordlist from the South West of Western Australia. Thats why this place important. TheReconciliation Australia website is another example. Whadjuk People is also the name of the registeredNative Title claim 2011. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 1992, [xvi] Kevin Fitzgerald, oral history, South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council, 2006, Copyright South West Aboriginal Land & Sea Council 2023, Nyoongar language from the south west region of Western Australia, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1e8UAAAAYAAJ&dq=George%20Fletcher%20Moore&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false. A Whadjuk Noongar contact database of businesses is created and these partnerships are acknowledged formally. The word Noongar means a person of the south-west of Western Australia, or the name for the original inhabitants of the south-west of Western Australia. Bridge (ed. Wirba: a heavy club traded from the northern areas. Doolan Leisha Eatts talks about Badjaling reserve and how the missionaries stopped the children from speaking Noongar. Include Aboriginal dance, music and storytelling. Translated into English this would be maam = men,yonga = kangarooand ngardanginy = hunting. In the late 1930s, anthropologist Norman Tindale identified 14 language groups within Noongar country: Amangu, Yuat, Whadjuk, Binjareb, Wardandi, Balardong, Nyakinyaki, Wilman, Ganeang, Bibulman, Mineng, Goreng, Wudjari and Njunga [i] See Noongar Explained more information. The custom of teaching Noongar continues to be handed down from Elders to children. . Stay connected and be the first to hear about new experiences, events and special offers. The Noongar people have lived in the south-west corner of Western Australia for at least 45,000 years. Former Opponents Discuss | UFC 285, Tabatha Ricci Fight Week Interview | UFC 285: Jones vs Gane, Farid Basharat, Part 1 | Dana Whites Contender Series: Next Level, Valentina Shevchenko Fight Week Interview | UFC 285, Cody Garbrandt Fight Week Interview | UFC 285, Mateusz Gamrot Fight Week Interview | UFC 285, Alexa Grasso Fight Week Interview | UFC 285, Cameron Saaiman Fight Week Interview | UFC 285, Jalin Turner Fight Week Interview | UFC 285. Noongar have always been engaged in trade right back well before settlement. It's safe for everyone to cross, women and children. Your Noongar guide will take you on an ancient Dreamtime journey with its origins in the night sky. We provide a wide range of services such as: [xiii] The efforts of others who were conversant, and in some cases, fluent in local Noongar language, such as Brady, Hutt, Armstrong, Symmons and Bussell of Vasse, are acknowledged in many of the published works. You will find lots of language and see our beautiful . Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country Guidelines and . Aboriginal: An original inhabitant of the Australian continent and nearby islands. Many people however, rejected citizenship because they were not prepared to give up their Noongar culture. Digital content Australian Broadcasting Corporation (except where otherwise indicated). And of course you know you have to have your language because the language that I refer to might not necessarily be the language that other Nyungar people refer to. Traditional Owners can talk for country by performing aWelcome to CountryorSmoking Ceremonyand should be consulted about its use. Nyoongar country spans from Leeman in the northwest to beyond Cape Arid in the southeast, in the southwest of Australia. Description: The Welcome to Country project is located on Whadjuk Boodja, country of the Noongar people of South Western Australia. (Singing in language) And then chuck sand to land in the water so he can smell you. The body of work explores a circle motif that has been . P.J. L. and W. Boone, London, 1840, [xii] Grey, G. Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-West and Western Australia, During the years 1837, 38 and 39, under the authority of Her Majestys Government. And, um, combine that with fish and there was lots to eat. I/We wish to acknowledge and respect their continuing culture and the contribution they make to the life of this city and this region., I/We would like to acknowledge that this meeting is being held on the traditional lands of the Noongar people. There are no set protocols or wording for an Acknowledgement of Country, though often a statement may take the following forms: General:"Id like to begin by acknowledging the Traditional Owners of the land on which we meet today. Go Cultural Aboriginal Tours & Experiences [iii]George Fletcher Moore, A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aborigines of Western Australia (London: Orr, 1842), http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1e8UAAAAYAAJ&dq=George%20Fletcher%20Moore&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false,p.68, [iv] Bates, D. Aboriginal Perth: Bibbulmun Biographies and Legends. In the conflict that ensued, Yagan was both feared and admired by Europeans as a freedom fighter defending his land. For further information view Welcome to and Acknowledgement of Country Protocols, "We would like to acknowledge this land that we meet on today is the traditional lands of the Whadjuk people and that we respect their spiritual relationship with their country.We also acknowledge the Whadjuk people as theTraditional Owners of the greater Walyalup area and that their cultural and heritage beliefs are still important to the living Whadjuk people today.". Noongar language is not only a way of communicating; it is a statement of who we are. But what are the differences, who can provide one, and which words should you use? Noongar language has been identified as a single language consisting of 14 different dialects, however, being an oral language means there are several ways to spell and pronounce . Well, that's where our people used to live. So thats why we always come to this Minningup. Join your Noongar guide on an insightful journey into Perths Aboriginal past at beautiful and culturally significant locations. Yued/Yuat, Whadjuk/Wajuk, Binjareb/Pinjarup, Wardandi, Balardong/Ballardong, Nyakinyaki, Wilman, Ganeang, Bibulmun/Piblemen, Mineng, Goreng and Wudjari and . If you have any questions, call SWALSC on 9358 7400 or email regionalcorporations@noongar.org.au. We welcome you to the land of the Whadjuk people which we have called home since the beginning of time. It reinforces our group identity, which binds land and people. P.J. However, it had, uh, different dialects of that language. The tour runs for 70 minutes leaving at 1pm Monday - Saturday. Whadjuk: is one of 14 dialectal groups of Nyoongar people. Wandju, wandju, nidja Noongar Boodja. From Wednesday 1 March 2023, Stay Rottnest will no longer accept in-person bookings. Whadjuk: is one of 14 dialectal groups of Nyoongar people. Whadjuk Country Join your Noongar guide on an insightful journey into Perth's Aboriginal past at beautiful and culturally significant locations. Bring them home and then you sing to them. Through the 1800s and up to the mid-20th century, Noongar children werent allowed to speak their language in schools and missions. Meeukang Warangka ba Kenniny means dancing and singing in the moonlight in the language of the Whadjuk Noongar people, so get ready . This spear was made in the Ellensbrook and Wonnerup areas. Miro: the name of the south-west spear thrower used by Noongars to propel the aim of the gidjee. Weja: emu feathers used as ornamentation at ceremonies. Wonna: the women`s digging stick was about six feet long and and as thick as a broom handle. The approximate size of the Whadjuk region is 5,580 km. The common language between neighbouring Noongar dialectal groups enable us to communicate and trade. Find out if you're eligible for a scholarship, The first university and sports partnership of its kind, Find workshops & activities for your high school students, Explore our courses to find the perfect one for you, See how our researchers are tackling complex challenges. Wundju Koolark Welcome home We are situated on the land of the Whadjuk Noongar people, the Noongar people remain the traditional peoples and cultural custodians of their land. Here are some Noongar words for you to practice. A Glance at the Manners, and Language of the Aboriginal Inhabitants of Western Australia; With a Short Vocabulary, Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal. Listen, listen. Some organisations have developed guides to help you understand more about the protocols and when they are required or appropriate: Search our scholarships to see the ones you could be eligible for. Revival of our language is also evident with Noongar being taught in addition to English in primary schools like Carralee in Willagee, Morditj Noongar in Middle Swan, Ashfield Primary School and Djidi Djidi School at Bunbury. Hello everyone. It was up to ten feet long and about one inch in diameter and made from the mungurn (swamp wattle). The Noongar Language and Culture Centre was set up by concerned individuals and has now grown to include offices in Bunbury, Northam and Perth. Explore true natural beauty with spectacular flora and unique wildlife. All Rights Reserved. As this was the first full meeting of Council for 2023 the Presiding Member advised it was important to set the scene for the year ahead and welcomed Mr Matthew McGuire to perform a Welcome to Country Ceremony. Nyininy, nih wer kaartdjinin Noongar wangkiny. They call their brother ngoony and sister djook. We are happy, our heart is happy to be speaking with you all. Biladurang the Platypus. [xiii] Salvado, Dom Rosendo Memorie Storiche dellAustralia. We apologise for any inconvenience. Whadjuk Elders & Speakers Welcome to Country List keyboard_arrow_right. ANU Press, Canberra, 1974. 9. Despite the absence of fences or visible borders, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clans had clear boundaries separating their Country from that of other clans. Because you get one linguist or an Aboriginal person and another person writing it down and another person reading it, doesnt necessarily come out the way it was written down, and then it creates a bit of confusion but we all generally know what we are talking about.Doc Renolds in van den Berg, Collard, Harben and Byrne, Nyungar Tourism in the South West of Western Australia, Murdoch University, 2005. This contains an assemblage of the word lists gathered by Europeans in the early years of the colony, and described above, as well as work from Curr, Bates and Hassell. I say dembart yaarl koorl Grandfather come here or deman yaarl koorl Grandmother come here. In Noongar language, words are ordered differently than in English. undertake a Welcome to Country, if it is taking place in Noongar country; recommendation on a staff member to contact to organise a Welcome to Country if the event will be held outside of Noongar country; assistance with wording and pronunciation of Acknowledgment Statements in Noongar country, through delivery the of Noongar Apply now to study in semester 1, 2023! The City of Fremantle acknowledges that there is a wide diversity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, including different cultural groups with . Mandurah Bridge - on the wall at the western end of the bridge's footpath is a welcome to country written in Noongar dialect. Welcome to Noongar country. A maam (man) calls his yok koorta. Perth: West Australian Museum, 1989, p.18, [v] George Fletcher Moore, A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aborigines of Western Australia (London: Orr, 1842), http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1e8UAAAAYAAJ&dq=George%20Fletcher%20Moore&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false,p.68, [vi] Despatch from Hutt to Marquis of Normanby, 11 February 1840 with enclosure, British Parliamentary Papers, Papers relating to Aborigines, Australian Colonies, 1844, Colonies, Australia, Volume 8, Shannon University Press, 1968, pp.372-3, [vii] Bates, D. Aboriginal Perth: Bibbulmun Biographies and Legends. And natural grasses grew all along the banks and they were encouraged to grow there, and the main encouragement for them to grow there was the use of fire. Nyoondool wart boola waangkiny wer djinang ngaalang kwobidak boodjar. Welcome to Country Acknowledgment of Country Acknowledgment of Country An Acknowledgment of Country is a way of demonstrating awareness of and respect for Aboriginal protocols and for the Aboriginal people on whose land an occasion is being held. Permission to use the Nyoongar seasonal calendar is granted by "South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council". . It displays the following statement; Reconciliation Australia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of country throughout Australia and recognises their continuing connection to land, waters and community. Kalyokool, kalyokool.KayaFATSILC, The Federation of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Languages & Culture(Corporation). So it was really important. ", Specific: "Id like to begin by acknowledging the Traditional Owners of the land on which we meet today, the (people) of the (nation) and pay my respects to Elders past and present.". The Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education and Batchelor Press have been working towards revitalising Noongar language. Nguny djurapin, nguny koort djurapin wanganiny noonakoort. Many Noongar people of today grew up speaking English in school and Noongar at home. Bonu-Wongie - Message Stick - located on Mandurah's Eastern Foreshore, this sculpture represents the invitation from the Winjan Aboriginal Community to the City of Mandurah to work together. Karla koorliny. 7. The late Tom Bennell (Yelakitj), shared this story about moort (family) relationship names and how moort would have wangkiny (talked) with each other: Deman is the name for Grandmother and Dembart is the name for Grandfather. Welcome to Country ceremonies are an acknowledgement and recognition of the rights of the Noongar Peoples to Noongar Land. Matter of fact I didnt learn to speak English properly until I was about seven. Nyungar language has a harmonious quality, and it is a real treat to hear two fluent speakers in conversation.Noongar Elder Ralph Winmar in van den Berg, Collard, Harben and Byrne, Nyungar Tourism in the South West of Western Australia, Murdoch University, 2005. This Aboriginal ritual recognises the area of land where Whadjuk Noongar people traditionally lived, hunted and gathered (Moort Boodja). Noonakoort kaartdijin wangkiny deman, maam, ngarnk wer boordier kura kura. 'Welcome to Country' will be included (but is not limited to) the following events: . And also spirit children were trapped out there when the sea level rose over a long period of time. I know who Hagan is. The names of many south-west towns are Noongar in origin: Gidgegannup (place to make spears), Ongerup (place of the male kangaroo) and Goomalling (place to find possum). You can also show respect through an Acknowledgement of Country: We acknowledge the Whadjuk people of the Noongar nation as the traditional custodians of this country and its waters and that Murdoch University stands on Noongar country. Koort is heart. The Joondalup region is part of Mooro country and is an important place for indigenous people. She is saying this to the daughter of her daughter. Noongar people also have many names for places and towns throughout our boodja. Protocols for welcoming visitors to Country have been a part of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures for thousands of years. However, the language generally referred . In the 20th century, if a Noongar person wanted to become a citizen, he or she had to renounce their Noongar identity and were not permitted to speak their language or communicate with family or friends. And while I was in the school, see I talked a hell of a lot of Aboriginal talk. In 1932 I was going to school at the [Gnowangerup] mission. We extend this respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the first people of the continent of Australia. Boola Katitjin is located on the traditional lands of the Whadjuk Noongar People. It was explained that it is important to demonstrate the links between stories as they move across Wadjuk/Whadjuk boodja, and between the different cultural boodjas of the Noongar Nation. 1. So it was burnt regularly about every year, as soon as the grass was dry, someone would light it up. Dyarlgarro Beeliar is known as the Canning River and Derbal Yiragan, the Perth estuary waters. vol 1, no 13, 30th March, 1833, pp.51-52, [x] Moore, G.F. Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia; and also, A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the Aborigines, London: M Wallbrook, 1884, [xi] Grey, G. A Vocabulary of the Dialects of South West Australia. Sign up for inspiration straight to your inbox. Leaving at 10am on weekdays, the tour runs for 45 minutes. Come along and meet us as we share our story, the first story of Aboriginal Perth. Whadjuk is situated south of Yued and north of the Pinjarup dialectal groups. Noongar Protocols Welcome To Country Recognising our rights to country. https://www.ufc.com/video/ufc-284-athletes-experience-welcome-country-ceremony-perth, UFC 284 Athletes Experience Welcome To Country Ceremony In Perth, Viviane Arajo Fight Week Interview | UFC 285, What It's Like To Fight Jon Jones? The Dictionary also explains the sounds, spelling and pronunciation of Noongar words.[xiv]. Fremantle itself we'd call 'Walyalup' and Walyalup your lungs. This Swan River is called the 'Devil Yerrigan', and in the old way, 'Derbarl Yerrigan' and Derbarl means mixing. The Whadjuk Claim for Native Title was made in September 2006. their wisdom and advice in our teaching and cultural knowledge activities. Its very important. Any individual can perform an Acknowledgment of Country, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal. Koolark means Home in the Noongar language. Noongar Language and Culture Centre (Aboriginal Corporation), Bunbury, 1992, [xv] Bindon, Peter and Chadwick, Ross. Thank you for the opportunity and inviting me here this evening to share with you my story and 'Welcome to Country'. And that was an important place for us too. [v], So trade in Nyungar country is very, very old, thousands of years old.Dr Richard Walley in van den Berg, Collard, Harben and Byrne, Nyungar Tourism in the South West of Western Australia, Murdoch University, 2005, Many places in the south-west have been named by Europeans, after European towns and people, such as Perth and Albany. Acknowledgement of Country Ngaala kaaditj Noongar moort keyen kaadak nidjar boodjar. Welcome to country When we look at the, the city and we think what parts of this city are really important. Journal of Biogeography 27: 1257-1268. The Nyoongar calendar includes six seasons. We wish to acknowledge the custodians of this land, the Wadjuk (Perth region) people of the Nyoongar nation and their Elders past, present and future. marlee swan, beeliar river, boorn wood/tree, nyingarn echidna, koorlbardi magpie, kitje spear; koornt camp, balga grass balga tree. Whadjuk is the name of Traditional Owners of the Perth region including Fremantle. It may be appropriate to incorporate an Acknowledgement of Country at events such as board and staff meetings, small training or information sessions, and other small events, for example. The Wanjoo song is popular in early childhood education centres, schools and choirs around Perth, thanks to its deep roots in the Noongar tradition. Source: Shane Pickett, 1998; Art Gallery . The Whadjuk are just one of the 14 tribes of the Noongar people. This name is also in use by Palawa people who are originally from Tasmania where Lowanna is the word for woman. If youre a member of the public looking performers who can provide this service in your area, contact SWALSC. It was made from peppermint shafts. The Principal is seeking to appoint a Contractor to undertake construction of landscape, playground, electrical and irrigation works at Mary Carroll Park, Gosnells. The Difference Between Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country Adopted into the local English language are also many Noongar plant and animal names: Marri, Karri, Jarrah, Quenda (Bandicoot), Quokka and Jilgie. We at Murdoch University are proud to continue this long tradition. You will need to apply for membership of your regional corporation separately. 1851 (edited and translated in 1977 by E.J. (Source: Indigenous Tours WA http://www.indigenouswa.com/heritage-tours/) Below are three examples of Acknowledgments of Country that can be used on Noongar land provided by the South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council; I/We wish to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land we are meeting on, the Whadjuk (Perth region) people. The location is North Thomson Bay, next to the Visitor Centre. Noongar is the official language of the Aboriginal people of the south-west of Western Australia. All the others would cross at Matagarup the Causeway mark, um, means the water only comes up to your knees. Acknowledgements are often made at the start of an event such as a meeting, speech or formal occasion. Crossing into another tribes Country required a request for permission to enter. To arrange a Welcome to Country in your area, contact our Regional Network office nearest you. They contain a word list of local Noongar people from the Victoria Plains. The Whadjuk people of the Noongar nation welcomed fighters competing on UFC 284 in Perth. Copyright South West Aboriginal Land & Sea Council 2023. A Welcome to Country can often involve such activities as a song, dance, smoking ceremonies, or the exchange of gifts. This is where all our spirits will end up here. Curtin acknowledges the Nyungar people as the traditional owners of the land on which Curtin Perth is sited and a Welcome to Country is performed at all major Curtin public events. Baalap ngany noyt is our spirit and this is where he rests. They will talk to you about the process and where appropriate supply with you approved names. We pay our respects to Noongar elders past and present, and acknowledge The Welcome to Country was performed by Noongar men Barry Winmar and Dr Richard Walley. Privacy Statement, 2021 Go Cultural Aboriginal Tours & Experiences. Each year the City celebrates such important dates like NAIDOC Week and National Reconciliation Week which celebrate the history, culture and achievements of our Whadjuk Noongar . Some Noongar place names in Perth are: Balga, Beeliar, Willagee and Mirrabooka. It wasnt swear words I was using. There are several language groups that make up the Noongar, including the Whadjuk, who are the traditional owners of the land around Perth. A Welcome to Country ceremony is a traditional Aboriginal blessing, symbolising the traditional owners' consent to an event taking place on their land. If you wish to purchase Posters from SWALSC please fill in the SWALSC ORDER FORM. Courtesy The West Australian, 9 July 2002. And there was a reef extending out there before it was blasted by C. Y. O'Connor. Arranging a Welcome to Country ceremony, which acknowledges the traditional custodians of the land, shows respect for Aboriginal people. Mooly is your nose, dwonk is your ear, marr is your hand and ngorrolick is your teeth I love going to Badgaling, we get gum from the trees, look for yonga (kangaroo) when I am in the bush I feel free.Bianca, 9 years old, interviewed February 2013, SWALSC, Manna gum collected from Ballardong booja. Welcome to Country enables the Darug to give their blessing for the event and is an important mark of respect for local traditional owners. [ii] It differs slightly from Tindales in that Horton removed the boundary between Wudjari and Njunja on the south coast near Esperance and named the group Wudjari. Some well known places in Whadjuk boodja are: Wadjemup, now known as Rottnest Island; Ngooloormayup, now known as Carnac Island; Meeandip, now known as Garden Island; Gargangara north of Armadale; Goolamrup, now known as Kelmscott; Dyarlgarro Beelya, now named the Canning River; and Derbal Yiragan, the Perth estuary waters. This, our Beeliargu, is the river people. Starting at 10:15 am every day from 3 January to 5 February (excluding public holidays). About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Coming home. The major cities and towns within the Whajuk region include Perth, Fremantle, Joondalup, Armadale, Toodyay, Wundowie, Bullsbrook and Chidlow. Mooro Elders have granted permission for stories and other information to be published in the Joondalup Mooro Boodjar brochure, which enables the community to gain a wider appreciation of the indigenous connection to the land. Aborigines of Australia. What else have we got? And that was only one thing, the other thing was to teach em not to talk in their language, to teach em to talk in the EnglishDoolann Leisha Eatts, oral history, SWALSC, 2003, Noongar language has survived despite the impact of settlement and dominance of English. The location is North Thomson Bay, next to the Visitor Centre. I know Noongar words. The tide comes in and the river comes up and goes down. Watch Noongar of the Beeliar for a sense of place around the Swan River. But it is Nyungar language and not many people realise that this is the case. Culture is formed. All rights reserved. This rope was also used to tie up wounds. Tabba: a knife made of sharp pieces of quartz connected to a short wooden stick, as thick as a thumb, by kodja or blackboy tree gum. Wilgi: ochre used dry or mixed with grease for protection from the elements such as the sun and flies or mosquitoes. Explore our wide range of courses to find the perfect one for you. Further, it provides an increasing awareness and recognition of Australia's Aboriginal peoples and cultures. Some locations are particularly special to the Whadjuk people, such as a cave along the Derbal Yarrigan (the Swan River) where it's believed the creation serpent lives. A "Welcome to Country" also reinforces . We welcome you to the land of the Whadjuk people which we have called home since the beginning of time. We acknowledge the Noongar people as the traditional owners of Whadjuk country, and extend our respects to their elders past and present. Find out more about our commitment to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community. And some of the men folk would cross the river there. When permission was granted the hosting tribe would welcome the visitors, offering them safe passage and protection of their spiritual being during the journey. Two Noongar language groups, the Whadjuk and Yued people, lived and shared cultural areas in the northern parts of the City of Wanneroo for traditions and customs. "I acknowledge the Yued, Ballardong and Whadjuk Noongar culture and heritage within the Shire of Toodyay and pay my respect to Elders, past and present. I used to listen to those stories and I remember [grandmother Yurleen Garlett] telling one of her nephews a story that happened there. Hear the first names of our ancient sites, used long before they were changed bySwan River colonists to venerate the English origins of their new society. Ingrid Cumming - Custodian & Traditional Owner of Whadjuk Noongar Country Ingrid Cumming is a Whadjuk Balardong Noongar woman from Fremantle, Western Australia and recognised young leader within the First Nations community. "The doorway to WA is on Wadjuk Country, and what we want is that people understand clearly they are on Wadjuk people's country." Ted Wilkes (2017) But I wasnt swearing. click here to add your name to SWALSCs list. Today, Yagan is an iconic figure in the fight for Noongar rights and recognition. To explain that men are hunting kangaroo, in Noongar we say: maam yonga ngardanginy. For example, Langford Aboriginal Association in Perth offers regular classes in Noongar language for adults and children. In the past, as Kevin Fitzgerald said, a fly lizard was put on a childs tongue for them to learn how to pronounce Noongar language. A Welcome to Country occurs at the beginning of a formal event and can take many forms including singing, dancing, smoking ceremonies or a speech in traditional language or English. We acknowledge our Ancestors and Elders from long ago until today. [iii] Daisy Bates records that Goonininup or Crawley Bay was a key camping place on a major trade route used by Nyungar travelling from other areas to Perth in order to trade for the highly demanded wilgi (red ochre).[iv]. So it's estuarine and it's, um, subject to tidal movement as well. We pay our respects to them and their cultures; and to elders both past and present., Receive all news and announcements from WAAMH. Using published resources available between 1988-1994 this map attempts to represent all the language or tribal or nation groups of the Indigenous people of Australia.

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