famous biological psychologists
As the name suggests, biopsychology explores how our biology influences our behavior. With time, however, Blooms work has become increasingly ambitious, crossing over into the territory of philosophy. With the help of AcademicInfluence.com to get a base list of influencers, we have created the list below. Her work has been extraordinarily wide-ranging, analyzing from an evolutionary point of view everything from the psychology of cooperation, coalition and friendship formation, incest avoidance, and autism, to threat interpretation, predator-prey relationships, visual attention, statistical reasoning, and multiple memory systems. As an evidence-based therapy, DBT is considered by many experts to be the most effective treatment available for BPD and allied illnesses. Mischel was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1930. Roger Sperry 1913-1994 American psychologist who received the Nobel prize in 1981 for his pioneering research on brain specialization in split-brain patients. In addition, he has occupied a number of provostships, deanships, and other administrative posts, as well as serving for a time as President of the University of Wyoming. He was the first qualified doctor of medicine and founding father of psychoanalysis. In 1961, he designed the famous (and controversial) Bobo Doll experiment, to demonstrate how aggressive behavior in young children may learned from adults. He earned his bachelors degree from Brandeis University in 1954, and his masters degree from Wesleyan University-where he worked with David McClellandin 1956. Haidt is the author or co-author of more than 100 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. Biological psychology examines the relationship between mind and body, neural mechanisms, and the influence of heredity on behavior. Blooms early work was primarily in language acquisition-the process by which infants and toddlers come to acquire the ability to understand and produce human speech. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of Freiburg. He argues that flow-generating tasks are ones that people experience as rewarding for their own sake, as opposed to merely instrumental to some end. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Description: Too many faves & can't decide? Csikszentmihlyi has worked almost exclusively in the field of positive psychology-the investigation of the positive human affective states such as pleasure, happiness, joy, love, and creativity. Patients suffering from BPD present with extremely volatile emotions and disturbed thinking, without crossing the line into full-blown schizophrenia-hence the notion that they occupy a borderline between neurosis and psychosis. More specifically, he believes that the characteristically human way of life was made possible by our ability to direct the attention of group members jointly on a single, collective purpose. "Plasticity of sensory and motor maps in adult animals. The master question that his lab raises and attempts to answer is the way in which affective states are generated in the brain, including pleasure, desire and appetite, emotion, and affective valence (the subjective scale from positive to negative value according to which most affective states present themselves to us). Anxiety, a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. In addition, the PRG also developed a number of important tests and personality scales, notably, the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI), which is comparable to the American 16PF Questionnaire and is the most frequently used such assessment tool in German-speaking countries. With well over 200 peer-reviewed papers and a half dozen books (as sole author or co-editor) to her credit, Barrett has received wide recognition in the form of honors and awards too numerous to mention, notably election as Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 2005 and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2008. He received his bachelors degree in 1972 from New York University, and his Ph.D. in Personality, Psychopathology, and Psychophysiology in 1976 from Harvard University, where he worked with Daniel Goleman. 23. [5] He received his bachelors degree with first-class honors from the University of Westminster, and his doctorate in experimental psychology from the University of Sussex, both in the UK. He received his bachelors degree in 1967 from Harvard College, and his Ph.D. in developmental psychology in 1973 from the University of California, Berkeley. Tomasellos main conclusion is that the crucial ability distinguishing humans from nonhuman primates is our ability to understand the fact that other members of our species have a mental life similar to our own, but with their own particular point of view, their own intentions (which may differ from ours), and their own knowledge (which may be limited by circumstances and differ from ours in various ways). In particular, she noted early in her career that the mathematical models she was attempting to develop to represent the way infants learn to interact successfully with the world around them were formally similar to Bayesian networks, an application of graph theory to the theory of probability that had been independently developed by philosophers of science to try to understand the way science works, especially in the form of non-deductive logical inference (induction and inference to the best explanation). His five categories are: caring; fairness; group loyalty; respect for authority; and purity (sanctity). 2: Separation: Anxiety and Anger. After graduating, she taught psychology at UCLA and the New School for Social Research. A John's Hopkins University professor, Dr. John B. Watson, and a graduate student wanted to test a learning process called classical conditioning. He received his bachelors degree in psychology in 1976 from McGill University, and his Ph.D. in experimental psychology in 1979 from Harvard University, where he studied under Stephen Kosslyn. There is little that modern psychology can teach us about the deepest wellsprings of the human heart-or, to put it more scientifically, o the nature and causes of human motivation and actionthat has not already been far better expressed by the poets, playwrights, and novelists down through the ages. This classification can be summarized by five positive character traits, or virtues, that make for an optimistic and resilient personality (known collectively by the acronym, PERMA), namely: Seligman is the author or co-author of around 280 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and the author, co-author, or editor of some 20 books. Turrigiano's work on understanding the human nervous system makes her one of the most notable professionals of brain science. In some cases, it even inspired whole new intellectual movements, such as object-oriented ontology (now much employed in the design of computer databases). He has also published work on the importance of ideals and role models-especially, the ideal of heroism in everyday lifefor resisting peer pressure. Kagan is the author or co-author of some 450 peer-reviewed journal articles and books chapters, as well as the author, co-author, or editor of more than 30 books. biological psychology, also called physiological psychology or behavioral neuroscience, the study of the physiological bases of behaviour. Key People: William McDougall Alexander Bain James Ward George Trumbull Ladd Related Topics: human behaviour physiology behaviour biological psychology, also called physiological psychology or behavioral neuroscience, the study of the physiological bases of behaviour. 9. She is currently Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He received his bachelors degree in psychology in 1991 from Cornell University, and his Ph.D. in psychology in 1998 from the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he worked with Leda Cosmides (see above) and John Tooby. Seligman was born in Albany, New York, in 1942. In later work, Meltzoff turned his attention to a number of other topics, such as autism, empathy, intention, the infants theory of mind (its ability to understand other peoples intentions), and the neural mechanisms underpinning gaze-following and imitation. The slow system, on the other hand, allows us to reflect upon our experience in a more relaxed and thoughtful way. Wilhelm Wundt. It is the original psychodynamic theory and inspired psychologists such as Jung and Erikson to develop their own psychodynamic theories. Out this work came a number of insights now considered basic to cognitive science, such as, notably, the stage theory of problem-solving (encoding, planning, solving, and response stages), and the decomposition theory of learning (breaking down a problem into more-manageable components, also known as chunking). Wundt is widely considered to be the "Father of Psychology" because he established formal psychology as a science rather than an extension of philosophy or biology. Csikszentmihlyi popularized this idea in his 1990 best-seller, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. After all, we humans cannot help being curious about ourselves-about what makes us tickand these 50 individuals are acknowledged experts in precisely that topic. The laboratory, which since 2014 has been located at the University of Lausannes HEC, uses immersive virtual reality both to study human social interaction behavior and also for interpersonal skills training. He has received numerous honorary degrees and has occupied visiting professorships at a multitude of universities all around the world. R.N. Nadel has also been involved in following up on some of the implications of his early studies on the hippocampus, notably in such areas as the relationship between stress and memory and sleep and memory, as well as memory re-consolidation and the memory deficits associated with Down syndrome. Seligman, Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2004, July, 5(1): 131. Szokolszky is currently Head of the Department of Cognitive and Neuropsychology within the Institute of Psychology in the Faculty of Arts of the University of Szeged (SZTE), in Hungary. In his path-breaking early work, Anderson collaborated with Herbert Simon and other giants in the history of cognitive science. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Using these and other techniques, Schmid Masts most recent work has been focused on such phenomena as the way in which self-perception, physiological arousal, and perceived competence or persuasiveness all interact in a social evaluation situation, both in simulated self-preservation tasks, such as a job interview, and in real-life situations. Mischel is most closely associated with the claim, originally made in his 1968 book Personality and Assessment, that personality traits are highly context-dependent, and that the notion there is a stable personality which manifests uniformly over time and across varied social contexts, as previously believed, is a myth. Biological psychology has also had a strong history of contributing to medical disorders including those that fall under the purview of clinical psychology and psychopathology, also known as abnormal psychology. He is also Director of Research at Mindlab International, an internationally recognized neuromarketing firm. In addition to his many essays, book reviews, and op-ed pieces for the popular press, Pinker has published around 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and is the author, co-author, or editor of some 14 books. From her right flank, as it were, some critics have claimed that her work lacks sufficient empirical support; while from her left flank, she has been charged with essentialism and giving aid and comfort to the patriarchy. The Shepard tone and accompanying Shepard scale create the auditory illusion of a tone that continually rises or falls in pitch, yet without ever getting any higher or lower. In this chapter, we extend this discussion to include the theoretical and methodological . She is currently Professor of Humanities and Applied Psychology in the Department of Psychology at New York University-Steinhardt, as well as University Professor in NYUs School of Law. This experience lay at the root of her determination to study her own condition scientifically. However, the studies Ekman has carried out to back up these claims have come under sustained criticism. As a result, the bulk of literature in biological psychology deals with mental processes and behaviors that are shared across mammalian species, such as: Sensation and perception; Motivated behavior (hunger, thirst, sex); Control of movement; Learning and memory; Sleep and biological rhythms; Emotions.